Órganos del Sistema Digestivo

Desde la ingestión hasta la egestión hay distintos órganos que participan, cada uno con su función. La ingestión es la obtención de alimentos con nutrientes, luego sucede la digestión cuando los alimentos son simplificados en sus nutrientes/componentes. La absorción es el pasaje de nutrientes desde el intestino hacia la sangre, la asimilación es el pasaje de nutrientes de la sangre hacia las células. Finalmente la egestión, la expulsión de lo sobrante.

Sedentarismo y Distopía

En Salud y Adolescencia trabajamos con la película animada Wall-E. Esta es una película que muestra como el planeta Tierra quedó devastado obligando a los humanos irse, dejando a un robot llamado Wall-E limpiando cada deshecho terrestre. La Tierra no sería habitable hasta que alguno de los robots de nueva generación EVA enviado del espacio halle una planta, que indique que el planeta era nuevamente habitable. Al hallarse la planta, Wall-E recorre una gran aventura para salvar a la humanidad.

En la película hay un mensaje principal, que es cuidar nuestro planeta, ya que podríamos ocasionar su destrucción. A partir de Salud y Adolescencia se hallaron dos mensajes, el de sedentarismo y distopía.

Una distopía o antiutopía es una sociedad ficticia indeseable en sí misma, es decir que es un mundo que no se desea. En la peli se muestra a través del sedentarismo. El sedentarismo es una forma social de vida de una comunidad humana que se establece de forma estable en un lugar. El sedentarismo en Wall-E ocurre debido al exceso de tecnología. El avance de la tecnología hizo que los humanos tengan mayor comodidad y hagan todo más rápido. Otra causa del sedentarismo es la falta de información, todas las publicidades que muestran en la película hacen que ninguna persona se cuestione lo que sucede, hacen lo que las máquinas les dicen. La inactividad a causa del acceso rápido gracias a la tecnología provoca inactividad, es por esto que en la película son todos obesos.

La desnutrición es algo que se muestra claramente en la película. Los trastornos alimenticios no son sólo por anorexia, cuando hay bajo peso, o bulimia, que es alimentación por defecto. Sino que la obesidad es también un trastorno, cuando hay alimentación por exceso. Lo que tienen en común estos trastornos es la desnutrición. En la película los humanos comen lo que se les muestra en las publicidades, ya sea por tendencia o por la falta de opciones.

En esta película se muestra una sociedad que nadie desea. La gente no sabe que es lo que quiere, tienen desconocimiento. El exceso de tecnología provocó comodidad, lo que hizo que la humanidad deje de lado y tenga un desinterés sobre su nutrición. 

Materia fecal

Lo que algunos se preguntan pero no saben responder es ¿Por qué lo que eliminamos por el sistema digestivo no es igual a lo que incorporamos? Acá esta la respuesta:

Lo que eliminamos es conocido como materia fecal, excremento, heces u otros modos de llamarlo. La caca son desechos formados en el sistema digestivo y eliminados a través del recto; son los alimentos digeridos que no pudieron ser absorbidos por los intestinos. Lo que ingerimos, tal como bebidas, medicamentos o comida, pueden cambiar el color y olor natural de las heces. La bilirrubina es un pigmento de comor amarillo anaranjado y forma parte del proceso de la digestión. 

El color de lo que eliminamos nos dice mucho sobre nuestra salud. En caso de que el excremento sea color marrón es generalmente considerado saludable, si es verde la comida paso demasiado rápido por el intestino, por lo que la bilis no se descompone rápidamente, si es color amarilla significa que el cuerpo no absorbió bien las grasas y tiene un exceso de ellas, si es negra posiblemente haya una hemorragia interna o se consumió demasiado hierro, si sale blanca puede ser causa de algún medicamento o si colédoco esta obstruido, finalmente si es roja puede que haya un sangrado en el tracto intestinal inferior.

La forma de la materia fecal tiene su significado también. Para estudios médicos se utiliza la escala de Bristol de heces. Esta es una escala que clasifica la materia fecal en 7 grupos.

 

El primer y segundo grupo indican constipacion, el 3ro y 4to serían el excremento ideal, el 5to y 6to indican diarrea no y urgencia y el séptimo y último grupo indica diarrea.

En caso de que su cuerpo elimine heces de forma no natural consulte un médico, ya que algo no esta funcionando bien, cuide su salud. 

El Operativo de Trasplante

Al ingresar en la página del I.N.C.U.C.A.I. observamos en  el recuadro de  “Estadísticas” una gran cantidad de números, letras y porcentajes. Éste es un cuadro en el cual en el eje horizontal del mismo se indica que tipo de órganos y tejidos se requieren y/o solicitan en espera. En el eje vertical se muestra la cantidad de personas por órgano en espera dividido de acuerdo a cada provincia.

La información que brinda este cuadro de estadísticas es muy útil para posibles donantes y receptores.

Los tipos de órganos que se pueden donar son: el corazón, los pulmones, el hígado, los riñones, el intestino y el páncreas. Los diferentes tejidos posibles de ser donados son: las córneas, la piel, los huesos, las válvulas y la médula.

Luego de analizar el operativo de donación, ablación y trasplante de órganos y tejidos realizamos un glosario de tipo colaborativo.

Essay: "The planners" by Boey Kim Cheng

• What do you find particularly memorable about the way in which the author conveys modern architecture in The planners?

The planners, written by Boey Kim Cheng is a poem in which the author conveys hoy he feels about perfect cities. Through this essay the different topics, such as mathematics, builders and dentists, the author uses to convey modern architecture will be developed.

In the first stanza the author describes how man are modificating cities as to make them perfect. He uses the simile and metaphor of maths, such as "the buildings are in alignment with the roads". He is trying to explain that they, people, are changing the city and perfectioning it with mathematics. Boey Kim Cheng gives us the idea of conquering cities and making nature "drawback" and surrender under man made things, such as buildings.

Through the second stanza Cheng explains that builders are like dentists. "They erase the flaws, the blemishes of the past, knock off useless blocks with dental dexterity", Boey Kim Cheng wrote; dentists fix our mouths, erasing every mistake it has, just like builders that correct the city imperfections, changing it with the passing of the days.

Finally, in the third and last stanza the author expresses his feelings about the cities' past being erased. "But my heart would not bleed poetry", he says, feeling hurt about the past being fossilized. He will not be able to express and write more poetry since there is no more past which inspired poetry to him. Boey Kim makes us believe he is no more going to write since the present has no or does not give him enthusiasm just like the past did.

Throughout this essay the different topics, such as mathematics, builders and dentists, the author used to convey modern architecture had been explained. This is a poem in which the author leads us to know how he feels about the cities being perfectiones and how this affects him at the time of writing a new piece of poetry.

Climates

Around the world there are different type of climates such as Equatorial, tropical (interior) continental, monsoon, hot desert and cold climates. All of them will be explained in this summary.

Equatorial climates are located at the Equator, 5° north and south. This type of climates are hot and wet, they do not have a seasonal change, they are wet all year through and they also have a daily pattern. Its average rainfall is 2000mm/2500mm per year. The average temperature is 25°C. Night time temperatures may reach 35°C. Its annual range of temperature is small, as low as 2°C. It has a daily pattern in which every morning is -------

Tropical (interior) Continental climates are located in the centre of continents, away from coast, 5° and 15° north and south of the Equator. There is an alternation between wet and dry seasons. During the hot, wet season, temperatures rise as the sun takes a more vertical position, temperatures fall as cloud cover and rainfall increase. Areas closer to the Equator may experience over 1000mm of rainfall per year, and areas farther from it may experience as little as 300mm of rain per year. The warm, dry season, occurs when the sun is overhead. During this season there is little or no rainfall. The average temperature is 31°C and the annual range of temperature is 8°C.

The monsoon climate is located in south-east Africa. It has  two seasons: the south-west (wet season) and the north-east (dry season). The two seasons are the result of the reversal of the wind. In the wet season the wind comes from the south where the sea is and as the wind blows from the north where is land is the dry season.

Hot desert climates are located between 5°and 30° north and south of the Equator. Temperatures are higher when the sun is overhead and lower when it is in the opposite hemisphere. Coastal areas are much cooler due to the influence of the sea. In places away from the sea, temperatures rise to 50° due to the cloud-less skies, and night-time temperatures fall to around freezing. Deserts are very dry although they have some precipitation.

Cold climates are found in the poleward side of 60° N. Winters are very long, dark and extremely cold. Precipitation is light throughout the year and it falls as snow in winter. Summer rainstorms occur when temperatures are at their highest.

Comparative Essay

In Literature we read different poems from "Songs of Ourselves", which is a book with poems from different authors. We had to explore how the authors convey feelings through landscape in 2 of the following poems: The city planners, Summer farm, Sonnet composed..., The planners and Where I come from. I chose "The city planners" written by Margaret Atwood and "The planners" written by Boey Kim Cheng.

"The city planners" written by Margaret Atwood is a poem where the author criticizes the perfection of a city meanwhile in "The planners" written by Boey Kim Cheng he describes how a city is being changed and perfectiones. Throughout this essay the different feelings and landscape used to describe what each poet feels and sees about the city will be compared and analysed. 

In the first stanza of "The city planners" we get to see the author is offended by the order, she feels that the whole city is pointing at her for having a dent in the door of her car and that the grass is discouraged to keep growing because they will mown it again and again. As to convey that she feels like someone is rebuking her or to say that she is offended, Margaret Atwood uses the landscape. She describes the city as sanitary and that everything looks tidy or perfect. "No shouting here, or shatter of glass" Atwood says in the first stanza.

In the second stanza, the author sees things that are not perfect from her car and she also mentions things that she does not see as perfect and things that will become imperfect in a future. The different items that seem to disturb the order of the city are "the smell of spilt oil", "a splash of paint on brick" and "a plastic hose poised in a vicious coil". According to Margaret Atwood, all those imperfections allows to see the "landscape behind or under the future cracks in the plaster".

As in "The city planners", in "The planners" by Boey Kim Cheng the structure is similar. In the first stanza the author describes the perfection of the city referring to mathematics. "All spaces are gridded, filled with permutations of possibilities", Cheng says. Everything the planners fix, is in perfect proportions, all "the buildings are in alignment". The planners are conquerors according to the author, "Even the seea draws back and the skies surrender". In the second stanza the planners erase the city past mistakes as if they were dentists. "They erase the flaws, the blemishes of the past...", "the country wears perfect rows of shining teeth", this is how Cheng conveys the planners are erasing what has happened in the past by covering them as if they were dentists fixing someone's mouth.

Boey Kim Cheng explains that he cannot make poetry with the city perfection. The imperfect city was poetic because it had history, but now there is no history to write about. "But my heart would not bleed poetry", Cheng conveys how he feels about the perfected city.

Throughout this essay the different feelings and landscape used to describe how each poet feels and sees about the city had been compared and analysed. Both Boey Kim Cheng and Margaret Atwood dislike the idea of the cities being perfected, either because they are no more poetic or because they make them feel wrong about the way they are.